Kiblat Papat Lima Pancer: from The S?rat Manikmaya to The Traditions of The Javanese Hindu Community

Abstract

Kiblat papat lima pancer (the four cardinal directions and the central self) is a fundamental cosmological concept in Javanese culture that maps the four cardinal directions around a single central point (pancer) as an axis of balance between the cosmos and humankind. Previous studies have examined this concept separately through ethnography, architecture, performing arts, or textual analysis, without integrating these perspectives. This study aimed to analyze the conceptualization of the Kiblat Papat Lima Pancer teaching in S?rat Manikmaya by Karta Mursadah (National Library collection KBG 1074) and to examine its manifestation in the ritual practices of the Javanese Hindu community. The study employed a qualitative descriptive method with content analysis techniques through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis, interpreted using Gadamer’s hermeneutic theory and Schutz’s phenomenological approach. The findings showed that the concept was presented in S?rat Manikmaya (canto 1, verses 15–19) through the narrative of the Dewata Nawa Sanga arrangement across eight cardinal directions and one center, accompanied by a system of cosmic correspondences, including consort deities, Javanese pentadic cycles, natural elements, colors, fauna, and carakan script. This teaching was actualized among the Javanese Hindu community through three dimensions: spatial organization based on the mandala concept, ritual manifestations through offerings (canang sari and the mecaru ceremony), and spiritual microcosmic life through the Sedulur Papat Lima Pancer teaching. This study affirmed the continuity of Javanese cosmological values as a form of cultural syncretism that integrates classical texts with contemporary religious practices.