Risk Analysis of Communication Flows for Enhancing Project Time Performance (A Case Study of PT.X Coal Mining)

Abstract

This study was conducted to identify and develop communication risk management guidelines for a coal mining project at PT. X. The research focus was directed toward five main aspects: the roles and responsibilities of internal and external stakeholders; mining business processes from licensing to post-mining activities; communication procedure flows in production activities and mine expansion licensing; risks and dominant risks within each communication flow; and the development of risk-based communication flow documents to support project time performance. The results showed that internal stakeholders (management, operations, and legal departments) and external stakeholders (regulators, local governments, and communities) play complementary roles in supporting project execution. Business processes proceed sequentially from licensing, exploration, and production to post-mining activities, with critical communication points identified at each stage. Formal communication through official documents and coordination meetings, along with informal communication in the field, were found to be vital factors in maintaining the continuity of production activities and licensing processes. Risk analysis revealed dominant risks in the forms of document delays, technical miscommunication, and licensing ambiguities, which affect project time performance. As a solution, this study developed a Communication Risk Management Guideline containing preventive and corrective measures for high-risk communication flows. Expert validation demonstrated that the guideline was consistent, relevant, and effective as an official reference for optimizing project time performance. Thus, the developed guideline provides a tangible contribution to improving the effectiveness of communication management and supporting the successful implementation of the coal mining project at PT. X.