Overview of Intellectual Property Rights
at Semarang State University in the Year Period 2020 – 2024
Widya
Hary Cahyati1*, Natalia Desy Putriningtyas2, Salsabilla
Putri Maharani3
Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
e-mail: widyahary27@mail.unnes.ac.id*1
Abstract: The digital era is characterized by rapid growth in innovation and creative industries. Alongside these developments, the risk of copyright infringement has become a significant challenge, highlighting the importance of registering works to safeguard intellectual property rights (IPR). This research aims to analyze trends in intellectual property rights registration within the Semarang State University environment and explore how these trends contribute to enhancing institutional protection of IPR. The study employs a descriptive observational approach with a time series design. The research population includes all intellectual property rights registered at Semarang State University between 2020 and 2024. Using total sampling, the study examines 6,125 registered works during this period. Secondary data were obtained from the Institute for Research and Community Service at Semarang State University. Results indicate a consistent increase in intellectual property rights registration over the last five years. The most commonly registered types of IPR are copyright, followed by simple patents, patents, industrial product designs, trademarks, geographical indications, and plant variety protection. These findings provide valuable insights for universities aiming to strengthen IPR management and encourage innovation.
Keywords: IPR, creative, innovative.
INTRODUCTION
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) refer to legal
rights granted to individuals or entities over their intellectual creations,
fostering an environment that promotes innovation and creativity
In Indonesia, the legal framework for IPR is
established through several regulations. Copyrights are governed by Law No. 28
of 2018, while patents and simple patents fall under Law No. 31 of 2016. Laws
pertaining to industrial product designs, trademarks, geographical indications,
integrated circuit layout designs, trade secrets, and the protection of plant
varieties are regulated by Law No. 31 of 2000, Law No. 20 of 2016, Law No. 32
of 2000, and Law No. 29 of 2000, respectively. These regulations aim to safeguard
intellectual property and provide a legal basis for addressing disputes related
to IPR in the country.
The digital era has ushered in unprecedented
opportunities for innovation, information dissemination, and idea exchange on a
global scale. However, it has also brought challenges related to protecting
intellectual property. The ease of accessing information and creative works
online has increased the risks of copyright infringement, intellectual property
theft, and counterfeit products. Consequently, registering and protecting
intellectual property has become more critical than ever to ensure the recognition
and security of creators' rights
Despite these challenges, the role of IPR in fostering
sustainable development, especially in academic institutions, remains
underexplored. The strategic importance of IPR in universities lies in its
potential to drive research, innovation, and technology transfer while
enhancing institutional competitiveness globally. However, there is a lack of
comprehensive data or studies examining how IPR trends manifest within higher
education institutions, particularly in Indonesia. This research addresses this
gap by investigating trends in intellectual property rights, including
copyrights, patents, simple patents, trademarks, industrial product designs,
protection of plant varieties, and geographical indications at Semarang State
University. By analyzing these trends, the study aims
to provide insights into the current state of IPR management in higher
education and its implications for fostering a robust culture of innovation
MATERIALS AND
METHODS
The type of research used in this study is descriptive
observational. The design adopted is a time series, which involves recording
and analyzing data in a sequential and evenly spaced
time period, such as annually or monthly
Univariate analysis is utilized in this study,
focusing on frequency distribution to describe and summarize the collected
data. The choice of univariate analysis was made because it allows for a
straightforward examination of the distribution of each type of intellectual
property right and facilitates the identification of trends or patterns over
the specified time period. However, further justification regarding how this
analysis helps answer the research questions is needed and should be elaborated
in future studies.
The population in this research encompasses all
intellectual property rights registered at Semarang State University from 2020
to 2024. Total sampling was employed as the sampling technique, resulting in
6,125 works being included in the study. These are distributed as follows: 516
works in 2020, 891 works in 2021, 887 works in 2022, 1,216 works in 2023, and
2,615 works in 2024.
The data source for this study is secondary data
obtained from the Institute for Research and Community Service at Semarang
State University. This data consists of the number of works registered for
intellectual property rights during the 2020–2024 period. Data collection was
conducted in December 2024 through documentation studies, involving the review
and recapitulation of diaries, transcripts, documents, books, and other
records. While this methodology provides a comprehensive dataset, information
about the validity and reliability of the data needs to be included to
strengthen the study's credibility.
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
The results of the frequency distribution of the types of
intellectual property rights in 2020 - 2024 registered at the Institute for
Research and Community Service, Semarang State University, state that copyright
has an average (SD) of 1171.8 (814.14). Simple patents showed a mean (SD) of 35
(9.03). Patents showed a mean (SD) of 9 (14.61). Industrial product design
shows a mean (SD) of 5.2 (2.86). Trademarks showed a mean (SD) of 3.4 (1.52).
Plant variety protection showed a mean (SD) of 0.2 (0.45). Geographical
indications show a mean (SD) of 0.4(0.89).
Table 1. Distribution of Intellectual Property Rights
for the 2020-2024 Period
|
|
Centering
Measure |
Size
of Spread |
||
|
Type |
Mean |
Median |
Standard
Deviation |
Min-Max |
|
Copyright |
1171,8 |
849 |
814,14 |
475-2569 |
|
Simple Patent |
35 |
32 |
9,03 |
29-51 |
|
Patent |
9 |
2 |
14,61 |
1-35 |
|
Industrial Product Design |
5,20 |
5 |
2,86 |
2-9 |
|
Trademark |
3,4 |
3 |
1,52 |
2-5 |
|
Plant Variety Protection |
0,2 |
0 |
0,45 |
0-1 |
|
Geographical Indication |
0,4 |
0 |
0,89 |
0-2 |
Based on graph 1, it is known that there is a trend
towards an increase in the number of copyrights registered at the Institute for
Research and Community Service, Semarang State University. The number of
copyrights has always increased in the last 5 years. A very significant
increase of 129% in the number of 1448 copyrights occurred from 2023 to 2024,
namely from 1121 to 2569.
Graph 1. Number of Copyrights at
Semarang State University 2020 - 2024
Based on graph 2, it can be seen that the number of
simple patents registered at the Institute for Research and Community Service,
Semarang State University tends to fluctuate. The number of simple patents
experienced a slight decrease during 2020 – 2022, namely from 32 in 2020, fell
to 31 in 2021, and fell again in 2022 to 29. In 2023, simple patents increased
by 75% to 51 works. The decline will occur again in 2024 by 37% to 32 simple
patent works.
Graph 2. Number of Simple Patents at
Semarang State University 2020 - 2024
Graph 3 illustrates the fluctuating trend in the number
of patent works at the Institute for Research and Community Service, Semarang
State University. The trend in patent works in the 2020-2024 period is
fluctuating. It is known that patent works in 2023 are 34 times more than in
2022, but there is also a significant decrease of 94% in 2024.
Graph 3. Number of Patents at
Semarang State University 2020 - 2024
Based on graph 4, it is known that there is a tendency
to increase the number of copyrights registered at the Institute for Research
and Community Service, Semarang State University. The number of copyrights has
always increased in the last 5 years. A very significant increase of 129% in
the number of 1448 copyrights occurred from 2023 to 2024, namely from 1121 to
2569.
Graph 4. Number of Industrial Product Designs at Semarang State
University in 2020 - 2024
Graph 5 illustrates a downward trend in trademarks at
the Institute for Research and Community Service, Semarang State University.
The decline in trademark work occurred in 2021 and 2023, where each year
experienced a decline of 40% and 60% from the previous year. An increase in the
number of trademarks of 40% will occur in 2022. Meanwhile, the number of
trademarks will remain constant from 2023 to 2024.
Graph 5. Number of Trademarks at
Semarang State University 2020 – 2024
Graph 6 shows that there is a trend of increasing plant
variety protection work at the Institute for Research and Community Service,
Semarang State University. This type of work has never existed from 2020 to
2023. The first plant variety protection in the last 5 year
period was only recorded in 2024, namely 1 work.
Graph 6. Number of Plant Variety
Protections at Semarang State University in 2020 -2024
Based on graph 7, it is known that there is a tendency
to decrease the number of geographical indications registered at the Institute
for Research and Community Service, Semarang State University. The number of
geographical indication works registered is only 2
works in 2021. The years 2022 to 2024 do not show any registered geographical
indication works.
Graph 7. Number of Geographical Indications at Semarang State
University 2020 - 2024
Copyright is the largest
type of intellectual property registered with the Institute for Research and
Community Service, Semarang State University with a total of 5,859 copyrighted
works in the last 5 years. According to Law of the Republic of Indonesia no. 28
of 2014, copyright is an executive right of the creator which arises
automatically based on declarative principles after a work is realized in real
form without reducing restrictions in accordance with the provisions
(Government of the Republic of Indonesia, 2014). Copyright relates to literary
and artistic creations, such as books, music, paintings, sculptures, films and
technology-based works. In certain languages, copyright is also referred to or
considered as a creator's right (World Intellectual Property Organization,
2016). The period of copyright protection varies depending on the type of work,
from 25 years from publication to lifetime plus 70 years after the creator dies
A patent is an exclusive
right to produce, copy, distribute and license a technology granted by a state.
The basic premise of the patent system is that exclusive rights are necessary
to generate economic value or incentives for an innovation. Patents are only
granted to works or technologies that meet a number of criteria
Simple patents are part of
patents. A simple patent is an invention that has more practical use value than
previous inventions and is visible or tangible
Industrial design rights
are protection of the visual design of an object. Industrial design is the
creation of a shape, configuration or composition of patterns or colors, or a combination of patterns and colors in three-dimensional or two-dimensional form that
has aesthetic value. Industrial design can be used to manufacture products,
industrial commodities, or handicrafts. Registration of industrial product
designs is an important step for industrial players to protect innovation and
add value to products
According to Law of the
Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2016 concerning Brands and Geographical
Indications, a brand is a sign in the form of an image, logo, name, word,
letter, number, and arrangement of colors in two or
three dimensions, sound, hologram, or a combination of the two know more about
these elements. The aim is to differentiate goods and/or services from similar
goods. Trademarks are signs or labels used to represent the identity of a
product or service. Trademarks can include words, images, colors,
sounds and scents
Plant variety protection is
special protection provided by the state, which in this case is represented by
the Government and its implementation is carried out by the Plant Variety
Protection Office, for plant varieties produced by plant breeders through plant
breeding activities. The aim of the right to protect plant varieties is to
recognize the role of farmers as cultivators and conservationists as well as
society's contribution to biodiversity
Quoting from Law Number 20 of 2016, a
geographical indication is a sign that indicates the area of
origin of goods, which, due to geographical environmental factors
including natural factors, human factors, or a combination of these two
factors, gives certain characteristics and qualities to the goods. generated.
Geographical Indications function to indicate an item as originating from an
area with qualities, characteristics or reputation associated with its
geographic origin.
CONCLUSION
The registration of intellectual property rights at the Institute
for Research and Community Service, Semarang State University, has shown a
consistent increase over the last five years. The types of intellectual
property most frequently registered, from highest to lowest, include
copyrights, simple patents, patents, industrial product designs, trademarks,
geographical indications, and plant variety protections. This upward trend
reflects the growing awareness within the academic community about the
importance of safeguarding their discoveries and innovations. To support the
development of university policies, future studies should explore specific
determinants that influence this trend, focusing on individual-level factors.
Moreover, universities are encouraged to implement concrete measures, such as
training programs on intellectual property rights, to further enhance
understanding and compliance among academics.
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